HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 (T-helper) cells, which are essential for fighting infections. Over time, HIV reduces the number of these cells, weakening the immune defenses and making the body vulnerable to serious infections and cancers. If untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the most advanced stage of the disease, where the immune system is severely damaged. Common early symptoms may include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat, while advanced stages involve recurrent infections, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and severe weakness. HIV is mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, contaminated blood, shared needles, and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding. Although there is no cure, antiretroviral therapy (ART) can control the virus effectively, allowing people with HIV to live long, healthy lives and prevent transmission.